Aging is inevitable, but emerging research suggests that its rate may be modulated by molecular interventions. In the rapidly advancing field of longevity science, two
Introduction Peptides are essentially mini proteins – short chains of amino acids that are much smaller than typical proteins. Yet despite their small size, peptides
Introduction Peptides are essentially mini proteins – short chains of amino acids that are much smaller than typical proteins. Yet despite their small size, peptides
Aging is inevitable, but emerging research suggests that its rate may be modulated by molecular interventions. In the rapidly advancing field of longevity science, two molecular factors—nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) and glutathione (GSH)—have gained prominence for their roles in healthy aging. NAD⁺ is a coenzyme central to metabolic energy production and DNA repair, while GSH is the predominant intracellular antioxidant. Both NAD⁺ and glutathione levels decline with age, a change that can compromise cellular function and resilience. This article examines the roles of NAD⁺ and glutathione in aging, their individual contributions to cellular homeostasis, and how enhancing their levels—individually or in combination—might promote a longer health span. NAD⁺ NAD⁺ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a ubiquitous coenzyme present in every cell. It plays a pivotal role in cellular metabolism by facilitating the transfer of electrons in critical biochemical pathways, thereby driving the production of ATP. NAD⁺ continuously cycles between an oxidized